Tutorial
– menganalisis laporan à cara pembentangan
Kemahiran menyelidik
Kemahiran
perbandingan
- Interview – observation –
experimen
“semakin tinggi complexity semakin tinggi
understanding of scientific results & research based
comunication”
©
Inovation (hasil penyelidikan)
©
K-economy (Penyelidikan & zaman
it)
Meningkatkan knowledge need skills to handle
this information – skill to understand
Masalah ?
ü
Rasa tidak perlu
ü
Link theory with
practise
ü
Tidak familiar konsep
& kandungan
Unit
– pembolehubah tetap
Ukuran
kepada unit (contoh usia) – pembolehubah bergantung
Perbezaan metod &
metodologi
- Metod – kaedah untuk
menjalankan penyelidikan
- Metodologi
– tatacara @ Pendekatan
® Sebab-sebab kenapa pilih
kaedah itu. Falsafah @ sebab di sebalik kenapa metod dipilih
® Analisis prinsip &
prosedur kumpul metod, praktis, prosedur, dan peraturan
® Sistem mengumpul data
dikutip secara teoritikal @ praktikal
v
Data yang valid
v
Ethics & reliability
Data
analysis à writing
Budaya à etnografi à deskriptif
(meneliti)
~Highlight
– perlu yang relevan
Analysis
data (think critically) à raw
data à proses tambah supaya menjadi data yang bermakna
- Data –
maklumat yang masih mentah dan hampir tiada makna
Cara
analysis data (sangat mudah dimanipulasi)
- Kualitatif
- Kuantitatif
Proper research
Metod
= kualiti
Penyelidikan
mesti:-
- Effeicient – data banyak,
masa singkat, kos rendah
- Methodologically
justifiable
o Start-during-after
research
o To justify = show or
prove to be right or reasonable.
o A justificant provides grounds, reason, basis,
rationale, premise, rationalization, vindication, explaination, defense,
argument, apologia, case
Produce useful
results
v
Respond to client need
v
Extend his knowledge and
his possibilities to act
4 test chose good method
- Effeciency --> minimal cost, resourses, time
- Generalizability --> widely applicable
- Validity à likely to be true (10% boleh diterima tapi rendah)
- Causality à the ability to find cause and effect relationships is a prerequisite goal of any research endeavor
Criteria for judging quality of research
¨
scientific criteria
¨
practical criteria
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